Why large-scale climate indices seem to predict ecological processes better than local weather. Increased atmospheric CO2 growth rate during El Niño driven by reduced terrestrial productivity in the CMIP5 ESMs. Forecasting Zimbabwean maize yield using eastern equatorial Pacific sea-surface temperature. Effect of warming temperatures on US wheat yields. Adaptation of US maize to temperature variations. Drought during canopy development has lasting effect on annual carbon balance in a deciduous temperate forest. Ecological impacts of a widespread frost event following early spring leaf-out. Climate-driven increases in global terrestrial net primary production from 1982 to 1999.

Response of vegetation growth and productivity to spring climate indicators in the conterminous United States derived from satellite remote sensing data fusion. Uncertainties in terrestrial carbon budgets related to spring phenology. Spring temperature change and its implication in the change of vegetation growth in North America from 1982 to 2006. Global patterns of land-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, latent heat, and sensible heat derived from eddy covariance, satellite, and meteorological observations. Shifts in global vegetation activity trends. Interannual variability of the US summer precipitation regime with emphasis on the southwestern monsoon. Influence of low Arctic sea-ice minima on anomalously cold Eurasian winters. Weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex by Arctic sea-ice loss. Amplified mid-latitude planetary waves favour particular regional weather extremes. Recent Arctic amplification and extreme mid-latitude weather. Evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in mid-latitudes. Two distinct influences of Arctic warming on cold winters over North America and East Asia.

Net carbon dioxide losses of northern ecosystems in response to autumn warming. Evidence and implications of recent climate change in northern Alaska and other arctic regions. Circumpolar Arctic tundra vegetation change is linked to sea ice decline. Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991. We conclude that the strengthening of Arctic warming anomalies in the past decades has remotely reduced productivity over North America. In addition, United States crop-yield data reveal that during years experiencing anomalous warming in the Arctic, yields declined by approximately 1 to 4% on average, with individual states experiencing declines of up to 20%. This decline is mainly explained by two factors: severe cold conditions in northern North America and lower precipitation in the South Central United States. We find that positive springtime temperature anomalies in the Arctic have led to negative anomalies in gross primary productivity over most of North America during the last three decades, which amount to a net productivity decline of 0.31 PgC yr −1 across the continent. Here we analyse multiple observation data sets and numerical model simulations to evaluate links between Arctic temperatures and primary productivity in North America. These events have been linked to anomalous Arctic warming since 1990, and may affect terrestrial processes. Despite the warming trend, North America has experienced more frequent and more intense cold weather events during winters and springs. Warming temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere have enhanced terrestrial productivity.

Arctic linked to colder winters